Varicose veins - many people are subject to this disease, everyone in view of the mass of reasons risks during life with it. The pathological process is most often localized in the legs, affecting the superficial veins, subject to progression, it is able to cause serious harm to health.
However, in addition to blood vessels located close to the surface, varicose veins that are deeply located, they are often larger. This type of pathology is able to cause much more problems, cause more serious violations. To withstand diseases, it is important to understand the mechanism of its development, causes, symptoms, and also know the principles of treatment.
What is deep varicose veins
If we talk about varicose veins, in principle, this term in medicine denotes the disease of the veins, in which the functions of the transportation of blood by these vessels are disturbed due to their deformation of varying severity. In other words, the veins stretch, expand, their walls are thinned, the work of the valves located inside, etc. All this leads to the fact that blood moves worse upward, heading to the heart, and its stagnation in the vessels occurs.
Most people represent varicose veins of the lower extremities as the initiation of individual vessels and vascular mesh close to the surface of the skin. At the same time, swollen and deformed veins are clearly visible to the naked eye and the performance is true, if we speak purely about aesthetic manifestations.
As for deep varicose veins, or rather, varicose veins, we are talking about similar violations, but now they affect the venous vessels located in the thickness of muscle tissue. This means that even at the most severe stage of the pathological process, these veins will not appear on the surface.
Such a pathological process is dangerous not only with its secrecy. Deep veins, including small and large berets, calf and others, are much larger. Accordingly, they pass more blood, take a more significant part in a large circle of blood circulation, and their damage is more severely affected by human health.
This means that with varicose veins, stagnant blood processes are much more serious. At the same time, a person can feel severe pain, increased fatigue in the legs, etc. But even more dangerous consequences are that with overly increased pressure in the veins, their too thin walls may not withstand, which threatens with ruptures of the latter and internal bleeding. In the case of deep veins of bleeding, depending on the degree of severity and localization, it turns out to be much more severe and dangerous than with varicose vessels.
Causes of the disease
Understanding why varicose veins develops, allows the patient if the development of the disease is not prevented, then at least more successfully fight him and not to give pathology to progress. In general, it is worth listing not only the causes of varicose veins, but also contributing factors:
- The main reason is the constant overvoltage of the legs due to long -term location in the standing position. This is partly why varicose veins are considered a professional disease that often develops in cooks, hairdressers, as well as other people who, due to professional employment, spend most of the time on the legs, and even in a static position.
- Genetics - the majority of doctors are not unreasonably believe that the predisposition to the development of varicose veins is transmitted by heredity. In this case, a predisposition to the failure of the venous valves is implied.
- Due to the fact that the predisposing factor in the development of varicose veins is constant excessive loads on the legs, this pathological process is highly developed in people with obesity. Moreover, the greater the overweight, the higher the probability of the development of the disease.
- A passive and sedentary lifestyle - the lack of regular loads on muscle structures also negatively affect the functioning of the vascular system. Even higher, the probability of varicose veins, if a person not only does not go in for sports and moves little, but sits most of the time.
- Pregnancy - in women in the development of varicose veins, it is due to a number of factors. This is an increase in the load on the legs due to the growth of the fetus, the change in blood chemistry, but the main reason is the restructuring of the hormonal background, namely, an increase in the production of progesterone. In the same way, varicose veins can cause prolonged intake of hormonal drugs.
- Thrombosis is a disease in which platelet content increases in the blood, which increases the coefficient of blood coagulation. This factor leads to a slowdown in blood circulation, as well as damage to blood vessels.
This is the list of the most likely causes and factors that provoke the development of varicose expansion of deep vessels of the lower extremities. However, here you can also add endocrine disorders, physical damage, and so on.
Symptoms
As mentioned earlier, the main disadvantage of deep veins is that its development takes place unnoticed in the initial stages, there are no visual signs of the disease before. Despite this, even the initial forms of the pathological process have certain symptoms, which is important to pay attention to:
- The patient feels increased fatigue and sensations of heaviness in the legs that make themselves felt mainly in the afternoon or in the late afternoon. It is characteristic that after relaxation or night sleep, these signs are dispersed and do not bother until the next evening, provided that loads are on the feet during the day;
- Another alarming feature is the swelling of the legs, even insignificant ones. If the legs swell in the evenings or in the morning for no apparent reason, for example, in the absence of pathologies of the kidneys, this may indicate varicose veins.
If such symptoms are found, it is very important to consult a doctor for diagnosis. However, the initial stages of varicose veins can occur completely imperceptibly, in which case clinical signs will appear already with the development of 2-3 stages of the disease, they can be as follows:
- In addition to fatigue and severity, intensifying in the evening, patients complain of severe legs. The pain syndrome also has the ability to intensify by evening, but in the later stages of the disease it can be present constantly.
- Strengthening the edema of the limbs, the legs can also swell on an ongoing basis, while the intensity of edema is high, it is impossible to miss them.
- The defeat and deformation of deep veins in the late stages of the progression of the pathology is also reflected on the surface vessels, which is why venous nets appear on the legs, vascular "stars" appear. There is also a protrusion of veins on the legs with intense loads.
- Also, the skin of the lower extremities acquire a bluish tint, especially in those places where deep vessels are most affected.
- One of the signs of the progression of varicose expansion of deep veins is the seizures of the calf muscles, they concern the patient often, mainly during night sleep.
Diagnostics
For diagnosis and diagnosis, as well as for the purpose of further treatment, it is necessary to contact a phlebologist. The doctor to prescribe a number of diagnostic measures, in general, the disease detect the disease is as follows:
- Primary inspection with the collecting history and complaints of the patient.
- Conducting ultrasound of the vessels of the legs.
- Dopplerography for the detection of blood clots.
- Also, urine tests and blood biochemistry may be required.
Methods of treatment
Treatment of deep varicose veins of the lower extremities also requires the participation and close observation of a phlebologist. In addition, to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect, treatment should be complex, it consists of:
- Drug therapy.
- Folk remedies.
- Wearing compression linen.
- Surgical intervention.
- Medicine physical education.
- Adjusting the lifestyle.
To understand the principles of treatment, we will consider three main methods, traditional and non -traditional medicine, as well as surgical treatment.
Medicines
Depending on the degree of progression of the disease and patient complaints, drug therapy includes the use of several groups of drugs:
- Anesthetizing, among which are mainly used by NSAIDs and muscle relaxants.
- The basis of treatment is Venotonic, struggling with venous deficiency.
- Anticoagulants that contribute to a decrease in blood coagulation.
- Phlebotonics, strengthening the walls of blood vessels and increasing the outflow of lymph.
Folk remedies
In folk medicine, varicose veins are customary to treat mainly with special compresses and ointments based on natural components. Despite the fact that with damage to deep vessels, they are not so effective, still a certain therapeutic effect that is enhanced by coupling with traditional medicine. The following funds are especially good in this matter:
- Alcohol tincture from propolis.
- Tincture of horse chestnut.
- Fresh cabbage compresses.
- Baths with essential oils.
Surgery
Despite all the above, the most effective method of combating any forms of varicose veins, provided that the disease is progress, is surgical intervention. In this regard, several types of operations can also be distinguished:
- Flebectomy - excision of the affected area of the vessel.
- Sclerotherapy is a new method that implies the introduction of a special substance into a vein that glues the vessel, after which the latter is gradually replaced by connective tissue.
- Laser intravascular coagulation is the thermal effect of the affected area of the vein, in which the vascular wall is destroyed and at the same time the blood reflux is prevented.